• Infections drive the majority of CRMD complications, and are growing in frequency:

*CRMD infection rate is 5.3% of CRMD implant rate
Five other studies indicate average CRMD infection rates of ~0.6 - 2.8%^2-6

• Patient and procedure characteristics significantly increase the risk of CRMD-related infection (multivariate analyses):






• Heart failure and renal failure significantly increase the risk of CRMD-infection-related mortality (multivariate analyses): 

1. Voigt et al, J Amer Coll Cardiol 2006 48(3), 590.
2. Baman et al, Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol 2009 2, 129.
3. Klug et al, Circulation 2007 116, 1349.
4. Kron et al, American Heart Journal 2001 141(1), 92.
5. Rosenqvist et al, Circulation 1998 98, 663.
6. Kiviniemi et al, PACE 1999 22, 711.
7. Sohail et al, Clin Infect Dis 2007 45, 166.
8. Bloom et al, Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2006, 29(2), 142.
9. Lekkerkerker et al, Heart 2009 95, 715.